This course proposes a balanced approach of health economics based on both theoretical and empirical considerations. It deals with the study of the main stakeholders’ economic behaviours of the health sector: patients, health professionals (physicians and hospitals), health insurance, companies producing health goods or pharmaceuticals and health authorities. It invites to reconsider some of the basic concepts in economics (supply and demand, public intervention, uncertainty, information asymmetries, incentives, etc.) and models (growth models and human capital, labour supply, etc.), for a deep understanding of the phenomena at work in the sector. Thus, the course is likely to meet the expectations from students willing to specialise in the analysis of the health sector as well as students interested in illustrations of concepts and mechanisms derived from the economic theory.